Minor & Light Metals / The Economy of Antimony, 10th edition, 2007

Contents

  • 1. Summary
  • 2. Introduction
  • 3. Mining and processing of antimony
  • 4. World production of antimony
  • 5. Asia and the Middle East
  • 6. Eastern Europe
  • 7. Africa
  • 8. South America
  • 9. North America
  • 10. Oceania
  • 11. Western Europe
  • 12. World consumption of antimony
  • 13. Non-metallurgical markets for antimony
  • 14. Metallurgical markets
  • 15. International trade in antimony
  • 16. Prices of antimony

The Economy of Antimony, 10th edition, 2007

Go to: Chapters Tables Figures

Chapters Listing

Num Title Pages
1 Summary 3
2 Introduction 2
2.1 Occurrence of antimony
2.2 Reserves of antimony
3 Mining and processing of antimony 10
3.1 Mining and beneficiation
3.2 Smelting and chemical processing
3.2.1 New developments
3.3 Specifications
3.3.1 Antimony ores and concentrates
3.3.2 Antimony metal
3.3.3 Antimony compounds
3.3.3.1 Antimony trioxide
3.3.3.2 Sodium antimonate
4 World production of antimony 18
4.1 Mine production
4.2 Sodium antimonate
4.3 Antimony Metal
4.4 Antimony trioxide
4.5 Secondary production
5 Asia and the Middle East 31
5.1 China 21
5.1.1 Mine production
5.1.1.1 Government policy
5.1.1.2 Reserves and output
5.1.1.3 Illegal mining and smuggling
5.1.2 Refined production
5.1.3 Producers of refined antimony
5.1.4 Secondary production
5.1.5 Exports of antimony
5.2 India 1
5.3 Indonesia 1
5.4 Iran 1
5.5 Israel 1
5.6 Japan 4
5.6.1 Supply of raw materials
5.6.2 Refined production
5.6.3 Producers of refined antimony
5.6.3.1 Dowa Mining Co. Ltd.
5.6.3.2 Hosokura Kogyo
5.6.3.3 Mitsui Mining and Smelting Co. Ltd.
5.6.3.4 Nihon Seiko Co.
5.6.3.5 Nippon Mining & Metals
5.6.3.6 Suzuhiro Chemical Co.
5.6.3.7 Yamanaka & Co., Ltd
5.7 Malaysia 1
5.7.1 Secondary production
5.8 Myanmar 2
5.8.1 Mine production
5.9 Pakistan 1
5.10 Philippines 1
5.11 Saudi Arabia 1
5.12 Sri Lanka 1
5.13 Taiwan 1
5.14 Thailand 1
5.14.1 Mine production
5.14.2 Refined production
5.14.3 Secondary production
5.15 Turkey 1
5.15.1 Mine production
5.16 Vietnam 1
6 Eastern Europe 13
6.1 Bulgaria 1
6.2 Czech Republic 1
6.2.1 Mine production
6.2.2 Secondary production
6.3 Kazakhstan 1
6.3.1 Primary production
6.3.2 Secondary production
6.4 Kyrgyzstan 4
6.4.1 Mine production
6.4.2 Refined production
6.4.3 Producers of antimony
6.4.3.1 Kadamzhai antimony combine
6.5 Poland 1
6.6 Romania 1
6.7 Russia 5
6.7.1 Mine production
6.7.1.1 Indigirskaya Prospecting Cooperative
6.7.1.2 JSC Sarylakh-surma
6.7.1.3 Rusant Limited
6.7.2 Refined production
6.7.2.1 JSC Podolsk
6.7.2.2 Ryaztsvetmet Corp.
6.7.2.3 Sakha-Uralsky antimony plant
6.7.2.4 JSC Sarylakh-surma
6.7.3 Secondary production
6.8 Serbia 1
6.9 Slovakia 1
6.10 Tajikistan 2
6.10.1 Mine production
6.10.2 Refined production
6.11 Ukraine 1
7 Africa 5
7.1 Morocco 1
7.1.1 Mine production
7.1.2 Refined production
7.1.3 Secondary production
7.2 Namibia 1
7.3 Nigeria 1
7.4 South Africa 3
7.4.1 Mine production
7.4.2 Refined production
7.5 Zimbabwe 1
7.5.1 Mine production
7.5.2 Secondary production
8 South America 8
8.1 Argentina 1
8.2 Bolivia 6
8.2.1 Mine production
8.2.1.1 Cia Minera Salinas
8.2.1.2 Empresa Minera Unificada SA
8.2.1.3 Compa?ia Minera Chillaya
8.2.1.4 Empresa Minera Bernal
8.2.1.5 Comit? Boliviano de Productores de Antimonio
8.2.1.6 New Projects
8.2.2 Refined production
8.2.2.1 Smelters: Comibol, Empresa El Molino, COMISAL, EMUSA
8.3 Brazil 1
8.4 Colombia 1
8.5 Guatemala 1
8.5.1 Primary production
8.6 Peru 1
8.6.1 Primary production
9 North America 13
9.1 Canada 4
9.1.1 Mine production
9.1.1.1 APOCAN Inc.
9.1.1.2 VVC Exploration Corp.
9.1.1.3 Other Resources
9.1.2 Refined Production
9.1.2.1 Xstrata Plc
9.1.2.2 TeckCominco Ltd.
9.1.3 Secondary production
9.2 Mexico 4
9.2.1 Mine production
9.2.2 Refined production
9.2.2.1 Antimonio de M?xico S. A. de C. V.
9.2.2.2 Chemtura Corporation
9.2.2.3 Grupo Mexico
9.2.2.4 Met-Mex Pe?oles S.A. de CV
9.2.3 Secondary production
9.3 USA 6
9.3.1 Mine production
9.3.2 Imports of raw materials
9.3.3 Refined production
9.3.4 Producers of refined antimony
9.3.4.1 Amspec Chemical Corp.
9.3.4.2 Chemtura Corporation
9.3.4.3 Laurel Industries
9.3.4.4 Sunshine Mining and Refining Co.
9.3.4.5 US Antimony Corp.
9.3.5 Secondary production
9.3.6 Stocks and stockpiles
10 Oceania 3
10.1 Australia
10.1.1 Mine production
10.1.1.1 Straits Hillgrove Gold (Straits Resources Limited)
10.1.1.2 Cambrian Mining plc
10.1.1.3 Northwest Resources Limited
10.1.2 Secondary production
11 Western Europe 11
11.1 Austria 1
11.2 Belgium 2
11.2.1 Refined production
11.2.1.1 Campine S.A.
11.2.1.2 Umicore Precious Metals Refining
11.2.2 Secondary production
11.3 France 4
11.3.1 Refined production
11.3.2 Producers of refined antimony
11.3.2.1 Metaleurop SA
11.3.2.2 Produits Chimiques de la Lucette (PCL)
11.3.2.3 Soci?t? Industrielle et Chimique de l?Aisne (Sica)
11.3.3 Secondary production
11.4 Germany 2
11.4.1 Refined production
11.4.2 Secondary production
11.5 Italy 1
11.5.1 Refined production
11.5.2 Secondary production
11.6 Spain 1
11.7 Sweden 1
11.8 Switzerland 1
11.9 UK 1
11.9.1 Refined production
11.9.1.1 Mining & Chemical Products Ltd.
11.9.1.2 Wafer Technology Ltd.
11.9.2 Secondary production
12 World consumption of antimony 13
12.1 Primary antimony
12.1.1 Antimony Metal
12.1.2 Sodium antimonate
12.1.3 Antimony trioxide
12.2 Future trends in demand for antimony
13 Non-metallurgical markets for antimony 34
13.1 Flame retardants 18
13.1.1 Use of antimony trioxide in flame retardants
13.1.1.1 Flame retardant mechanism
13.1.1.2 Markets for antimony trioxide flame retardants
13.1.1.3 Properties of antimony trioxide flame retardants
13.1.1.4 Advantages and disadvantages of antimony trioxide
13.1.1.5 Competition from other flame retardants
13.1.1.6 Flame retardancy standards
13.1.2 Demand for flame retardants
13.1.3 Consumption of antimony trioxide in flame retardants
13.1.4 Future trends in demand for antimony trioxide in flame retardants
13.1.4.1 Forecasts for flame retardant demand
13.2 Plastics catalysts and heat stabilizers 8
13.2.1 PET market
13.2.2 PET consumption forecasts
13.2.2.1 Demand for antimony in PET catalysts
13.2.3 Polyester catalysts
13.2.4 PVC stabilisation
13.2.4.1 PVC market
13.2.4.2 Demand for antimony in PVC stabilisation
13.3 Glass and ceramics 5
13.3.1 Glass
13.3.2 Ceramics
13.3.2.1 Opacifiers
13.3.2.2 Glazes
13.3.2.3 Bricks
13.3.3 Demand for antimony in glass and ceramics
13.4 Pigments 1
13.5 Minor non-metallurgical markets 2
13.5.1 Lubricants
13.5.2 Ammunition primers
13.5.3 Rubber
13.5.4 Textiles
13.5.5 Pharmaceuticals
13.5.6 Pesticides
13.5.7 Fluorescent light bulbs
13.5.8 Fireworks
13.5.9 Zinc electrowinning
14 Metallurgical markets 27
14.1 Lead-acid batteries 10
14.1.1 Use of antimony in lead-acid batteries
14.1.2 Consumption of antimony in lead-acid batteries
14.1.3 Future trends in demand for antimony in lead-acid batteries
14.2 Lead alloys 14
14.2.1 Solders
14.2.1.1 Demand for antimony in solders
14.2.2 Fusible alloys
14.2.3 Bearing metals
14.2.3.1 Demand for antimony in bearing metals
14.2.4 Type metal
14.2.5 Shot and ammunition
14.2.5.1 Demand for antimony in shot and ammunition
14.2.6 Cable sheathing
14.2.7 Rolled and extruded lead products
14.2.8 Lead weights
14.3 Semiconductors 2
14.4 Electrical resistance materials 1
14.5 Copper alloys 1
14.6 Magnetic steels 1
15 International trade in antimony 18
15.1 Antimony ores and concentrates
15.2 Antimony metal
15.2.1 Exports
15.2.2 Imports
15.3 Antimony trioxide
15.3.1 Exports
15.3.2 Imports
16 Prices of antimony 22
16.1 Antimony ores and concentrates
16.2 Refined antimony
16.2.1 Prices 2001-2003
16.2.2 Prices 2004-2007
16.3 Future trends in prices
16.3.1 Resource factors
16.3.2 Mining cost factors
16.3.3 Future demand and prices

Tables Listing

Num Title
1 World: Reserves of antimony, 2006
2 Consumption of raw materials in the production of antimony metal, 1992-1996
3 Specifications for antimony concentrates produced in the CIS
4 Properties of stibnite
5 Properties of antimony metal
6 ASTM specifications for antimony metal
7 Specifications for antimony metal produced in the CIS
8 Specifications for high-purity antimony metal
9 Formulae and antimony contents of antimony compounds
10 Specifications for antimony trioxide produced in the CIS
11 Specifications for antimony trioxide produced by USAC
12 Specifications for sodium antimonate produced by USAC
13 World: Mine production of antimony, 1998-2006
14 World: Leading producers of antimony ores and concentrates, 1998, 2001, 2004 and 2005
15 World: Leading producers of antimony ores and concentrates
16 World: Major producers of sodium antimonate, 2005
17 Selected countries: Production of antimony metal, 1998-2006
18 World: Leading producers of antimony metal, 2006
19 Principal countries: Production of antimony trioxide, 1998-2006
20 Selected companies: Estimated production of antimony trioxide, 2005/2006
21 World: Leading producers of antimony trioxide, 2005
22 World Production of secondary refined lead, 1997-2005
23 USA: Average antimony content of secondary refined lead, 1990-2005
24 China: Mine production of antimony by province, 1995-2005
25 China: Mine production of antimony, 1996-2006
26 China: Leading producers of antimony ores and concentrates
27 China: Mine production of antimony, divided by leading producer, 2004 and 2005
28 China: Analysis of antimony production, trade, surpluses and smuggling 2000-2006
29 China: Production of refined antimony, 1995-2005
30 China: Producers of refined antimony, 2005
31 Xikuangshan Shanxing Antimony: Production capacity for refined antimony, 2006
32 Xikuangshan Shanxing Antimony: Production of refined antimony, 2000-2005
33 Guanglong Antimony Smelting Works: Production of antimony metal, 1997-2001
34 Oriental Antimonial Chemicals Co.: Production capacity for antimony chemicals, 2006
35 China: Exports of antimony, 1995-2006
36 China: Exports of refined antimony, by destination, 2000 and 2005
37 Japan: Imports of antimony, 1995-2006
38 Japan: Production of refined antimony, 1995-2006
39 Japan: Sales of domestically produced antimony metal and antimony trioxide, 2001-2005
40 Japan: Production of antimony trioxide, divided by producer, 2004 and 2005
41 Thailand: Mine production of antimony, 1990-1999
42 Turkey: Mine production of antimony, 1996-2005
43 Kazakhstan: Producers of lead concentrates containing antimony
44 Kyrgyzstan: Mine production of antimony, 1996-2005
45 Kadamzhai antimony combine: Production of refined antimony, 1993-2005
46 Kadamzhai antimony combine: Imports of gold-antimony concentrates from Russia, 1995-2003
47 Kadamzhai antimony combine: Production of antimony metal from Tajik concentrates, 1992-2004
48 Russia: Mine production of antimony, 1992-2003
49 Russia: Production of antimony metal, divided by producer, 1994-1999
50 Anzob GOK: Mine production of antimony, 1998-2005
51 Sontrarem: Mine production of antimony, 1997-2006
52 Tsumeb Corp: Production of sodium antimonate, 1990-1999
53 Metorex Ltd.: Reserves of antimony, end-June 2006
54 Metorex: Mine production of antimony, 1997/98-2005/06
55 Metorex: Production and sales of antimony concentrate, 1990-2006
56 Antimony Products: Production of antimony trioxide, 2001-2006
57 Bolivia: Mine production of antimony, 1980-2005
58 Bolivia: Exports of antimony products, 2005
59 Bolivia: Exports of antimony, 1995-2005
60 Antimony concentrates treated, 1996-2005
61 Production of crude antimony trioxide, 1995-2005
62 Minas de Guatemala: Mine production of antimony, 1990-1999
63 Doe Run Peru: Mine production of antimony, 1990-1999
64 Canada: Mine production of antimony, 1990-1999
65 Canada: Producers of antimonial lead
66 Mexico: Mine production of antimony, 1990-2005
67 Mexico: Exports of antimony, 2001-2005
68 USA: Mine production of antimony, 1995-2006
69 USA: Imports of antimony, 1995-2005
70 USA: Imports of antimony, divided by source, 2005
71 USA: Production of primary antimony, 1990-2006
72 USA: Recovery of secondary antimony, 1980-2005
73 SA: Main producers of antimonial lead, 2005
74 USA: Year-end industry stocks of antimony, 1995-2005
75 Australia: Mine production of antimony, 1994-2006
76 Hillgrove: Resources of gold and antimony, year-end 2006
77 BBU: Mine production of antimony, 1986-1990
78 Campine S.A.: Production of antimony metal and antimony trioxide, 1999-2005
79 Campine S.A.: Sales of antimony trioxide, divided by area, 1999, 2004 and 2005
80 Umicore Precious Metals: End-uses for sodium antimonite
81 France: Imports of antimony, 1994-2005
82 France: Estimated production capacity for refined antimony, divided by producer, 2005
83 France: Production of antimony, 1995-2005
84 Produits Chimiques de la Lucette: Production of antimony trioxide, 1997-2005
85 Sica: Production of antimony metal and antimony trioxide, 1997-2005
86 Germany: Imports of antimony, 1995-2005
87 German producers of antimonial lead, 2005
88 Primary antimony industrial consumption by country, 2005
89 World: Consumption of primary antimony by end-use, 1999 and 2006
90 USA: Industrial consumption of primary antimony, 2001-2005
91 USA: Consumption of primary antimony, divided by end-use, 1999-2005
92 World estimated consumption of primary antimony metal, divided by region, 2005
93 Japan: Domestic shipments of antimony metal, divided by end-use, 1995-2005
94 USA: Consumption of antimony metal, divided by end-use, 1999-2005
95 World: Estimated consumption of sodium antimonate, divided by region, 2005
96 Japan consumption of antimony trioxide, 1998-2005
97 Typical antimony trioxide loadings in selected polymers, 2000
98 Antimony pentoxide flame retardants supplied by Nyacol
99 Markets for antimony trioxide flame retardants
100 Chemical and physical properties of antimony-based flame retardants produced by Amspec Chemical Corp.
101 Chemical and physical properties of antimony tetroxide flame retardants produced by Mikuni Smelting & Refining Co. Ltd.
102 World: Consumption of flame retardants by region, 2001, 2004
103 World: Estimated consumption of antimony trioxide in flame retardants, divided by area, 2005
104 Japan: Consumption of antimony trioxide in flame retardants, 1998-2006
105 USA: Consumption of primary antimony in flame retardants, 1994-2005
106 World: Polymer demand by type, 1995-2009
107 World flame retardant demand by region, 1994-2014
108 World flame retardant demand by type 1994-2014
109 World: Forecast consumption of antimony trioxide in flame retardants, 2010 and 2015
110 World PET demand by region, 1995-2005
111 World PET consumption by end use, 2004
112 World: Leading producers of PET, 2005
113 World: Forecast consumption of PET by end use, 2009
114 Chemical and physical properties of catalyst-grade antimony trioxide produced by Amspec Chemical Corp.
115 Chemical and physical properties of catalyst-grade antimony compounds produced by Amspec Chemical Corp.
116 USA: Consumption of primary antimony in plastics (non-flame retardant), 1995-2005
117 World: PVC demand by region, 1995-2005
118 World: Consumption of PVC by end use, 2004
119 World: Forecast consumption of PVC by end use, 2009
120 USA: Consumption of primary antimony in glass and ceramics, 1995-2005
121 World: Leading producers of CRT glass
122 US lead-acid recycling rate 1999-2003
123 World: Production of cars and light commercial vehicles by principal country, 1998 to 2004
124 North America: Domestic shipments of SLI batteries, 1995-2005
125 Japan: Shipments of lead-acid batteries, 2001-2006
126 World: Consumption of lead in batteries, 2000 and 2006
127 World: forecast production of automotive lead-acid batteries, 2010
128 Global production forecast for light vehicles 2006-2014
129 World: Personal vehicle ownership, 2000-2010
130 World: Forecast consumption of antimony in batteries, 2010,
131 Japan, UK and USA: Consumption of primary antimony in lead alloys, 1990-2005
132 USA: Consumption of lead in solders, 2000-2005
133 Lead-free solders preferred by industry
134 USA: Consumption of primary antimony in solders, 1996-2005
135 Composition of lead- and tin-based bearing alloys
136 USA: Consumption of primary antimony in bearing metal, 1990-2005
137 Japan and the USA: Consumption of lead in bearing alloy, 1990-2005
138 Germany, Italy and the USA: Consumption of lead in type metal, 1994-2000
139 Selected countries: Consumption of lead in shot and ammunition, 1995-2005
140 World: Consumption of lead in cable sheathing, 1994-2000
141 USA: Consumption of rolled and extruded lead products, divided by end-use, 2000-2005
142 Selected countries: Consumption of lead in rolled and extruded products, 1998-2005
143 Specifications for high-purity antimony metal used in semiconductor applications
144 World: Recorded imports of antimony ores and concentrates, divided by country of origin, 2004
145 World: Recorded imports of antimony ores and concentrates, divided by country of origin, 2005
146 World: Recorded imports of antimony ores and concentrates, divided by country of origin, 2006
147 China: Exports of unwrought antimony metal, divided by area of destination, 2000,2005 and 2006
148 World: Recorded exports of antimony metal, divided by country of destination, 2004
149 World: Recorded exports of antimony metal, divided by country of destination, 2005
150 World: Recorded exports of antimony metal, divided by country of destination, 2006
151 World: Recorded imports of antimony metal, divided by country of origin, 2004
152 World: Recorded imports of antimony metal, divided by country of origin, 2005
153 World: Recorded imports of antimony metal, divided by country of origin, 2006
154 China: Exports of antimony trioxide, divided by area of destination, 2000, 2005 and 2006
155 World: Recorded exports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2004
156 World: Recorded exports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2005
157 World: Recorded exports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2006
158 World: Recorded imports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2004
159 World: Recorded imports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2005
160 World: Recorded imports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of destination, 2006
161 Average values of US imports of antimony ores and concentrates, divided by country of origin, 2000-2006
162 Prices of antimony ores and concentrates, cif Europe, 2000-2001
163 Free market prices of antimony metal, regulus, 99.65% Sb min. in warehouse, monthly averages, 1994-2006
164 New York dealer prices of antimony metal, 99.65% Sb, 2001-2006
165 Average values of US imports of antimony metal, divided by country of origin, 1999-2005
166 European prices of antimony trioxide, 99.5% Sb2O3, fob Antwerp, 1994-2002
167 US prices of antimony trioxide, high-tint, bags, car lots, freight allowed, East of Rockies, 1994-2004
168 Average values of US imports of antimony trioxide, divided by country of origin, 2000-2005
169 Projected antimony supply capability in 2011 and 2016 at prices of US$5,000/t (based on 2006 dollars)
170 World: Forecast of primary antimony demand 2006-2010

Figures Listing

Num Title
1 Proposed ore treatment and metal recovery at Straits Hillgrove Gold
2 World: Mine production of antimony, 1995-2005
3 World: Mine production of antimony, divided by geographical area, 2000 and 2005
4 World Production of secondary refined lead, 2005
5 China: Exports of antimony trioxide and unwrought antimony metal, 1996-2006
6 Consumption of primary antimony, divided by area 2005
7 USA: Consumption of primary antimony, divided by market sector, 2005
8 USA: Consumption of primary antimony, divided by end-use, 1995-2005
9 World: Estimated consumption of sodium antimonate, divided by area, 2005
10 World: Estimated consumption of antimony trioxide, divided by area, 2005
11 Japan: Consumption of antimony trioxide, divided by end-use 2005
12 World: Market for flame retardants, divided by area, 2004
13 World: Market for flame retardants in polymers, divided by product, 2005
14 World: Market for flame retardants divided by industry end-use sector, 2005
15 World: Lead consumption, by end-use, 1960 and 2006
16 Average values of US imports of antimony ores and concentrates, 1994-2006
17 Free market prices of antimony metal, 2000-2006
18 Free market prices of antimony metal regulus min 99.65%, Hong Kong, 1997-2005
19 Comparison of antimony metal and antimony trioxide prices, 2000 to 2006
20 Average values of US imports of antimony trioxide, 1994-2005
21 Pearse demand curves for antimony

The Economy of Antimony, 10th edition, 2007

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  • Published 06/07/2007
  • 231 pages, 170 tables and 21 figures.
  • ISBN 978 0 86214 530 9

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